Mortality-adjusted valuation of remaining cardiac output
Base value: EPA Value of Statistical Life ($11.6M) ÷ ~2.8B lifetime beats = $0.00414/beat.
Discount rate: Pure actuarial mortality risk only. Uses Gompertz-Makeham approximation where annual mortality ≈ 0.0003 × e^(0.075 × age). No time-value-of-money component—a moment of existence in 2045 is worth the same as one today, conditional on surviving.
Risk adjustments: Lifestyle factors shift your effective mortality curve via relative risk multipliers derived from epidemiological literature.